Psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale: Factor structure, reliability, gender, and age measurement invariance

Measurement instruments that have satisfactory psychometric properties are needed to improve mental health research and services, especially in the effort measure, identify, monitor psychological problems experienced by individuals. The purpose of this study is examine Indonesian version Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS). involved 1,922 participants from Surabaya aged between 16 26. data were obtained using convenience sampling method. Testing factor structure, reliability, measurement invariance DASS was performed a confirmatory factor, composite multi-group analysis. It found bifactor model consisting specific (depression, anxiety, stress) general (psychological distress) factors best structure for DASS. Furthermore, also showed reliability across genders. results indicated valid reliable instrument measuring comparing depression, stress, distress genders sample.